Of Lagoons, Permits And Lost Sandals


The call to evening prayer reverberated among the hills of Sendang Biru, on the southern coast of Malang district, East Java. On one of the area’s mangrove bays, boats of various sizes surrounded a wooden stilt house that stood above the water’s surface. Young fishermen were either repainting the hulls or fixing the engines while chattering in a language completely unfamiliar to me.

“Many of us are Bugis from Sinjai, South Sulawesi,” said Raju, one of the older fishermen. “I have been in Sendang Biru for seven [fishing] seasons.”


As soon as he finished speaking I realized that here, time is determined not by the ticking of a clock, but by the rhythm of their profession. A pattern seared into their mahogany skin and chiseled into their lean muscles.

The boats on the cove, called Pantai Barat, or Western Beach, included ones from Madura and Manado, their distinctive shapes and colors giving them away. So finding a range of local languages here was not so surprising. What was quite peculiar was Simson, an 11-year-old boy who had the facial features of a Papuan, yet spoke in a thick Javanese accent. His father, a soft-spoken man by the name of Yusak Morin, owns the stilt house. He married an East Javanese woman years after leaving his hometown in Biak, Papua.

Two friends and I stayed at their home for three days. The family is used to having guests.

“Most are from adventure groups, but sometimes we get families too. There was a family from the Philippines who stayed here for weeks. I was once told that I had become very famous,” Pak Morin said with a laugh.

As much as they are open to guests, Morin and his family have limited space. When there are too many people, some are invited to sleep in the family room, where six dogs roam about freely during the day. I was glad to find out that there was fresh water available, yet was somewhat alarmed upon discovering that all outlets in the bathroom led directly down to the sea.

For all the things the Morins share with their guests in the house they built themselves, they never charge a specific amount of money.

“At the end of their stay, guests usually just pay for the electricity and water they have used,” said Nakula, one my two traveling companions.

As the sky darkened, the orchestra of nocturnal insects and the howls of dogs accompanied the sound of the waves. A light rain added to the sense of melancholy in the air. As the clock moved past midnight, I quietly welcomed another year. It was the main reason I had come here in the first place: to celebrate my birthday in a different way with a small group of friends. Soon we would go to Sempu Island and spend time on its pristine lagoon.

Sempu Island is not a tourist destination. Located a couple of kilometers across from Sendang Biru, the 877-hectare isle was turned into a conservation area by the Dutch East Indies government in 1928. It is, however, open to adventure groups and researchers.

“Representatives from the Netherlands still visit the island at least once a year to see how it’s faring,” Ardiyanto, who works for Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (Natural Resources Conservation Agency), said at his office in Sendang Biru that handles visitors to Sempu. “Sempu Island was declared a conservation area because it was seen as unique. It has two lakes, one having salt water [the aforementioned lagoon] and the other fresh [a pond called Telogo Lele]. It is also home to protected birds, snakes and jaguars.”

Only 20 people are allowed on the island at a time. Visitors must bring a permit that can be obtained from the East Java BKSDA office in the province’s capital, Surabaya, around 150 kilometers north.

Upon hearing that all visitors entering the island must be accompanied by a Sempu post staff member, I could not help but suspect that this rule has been violated many times. “Some do not even bother to get a permit. They just hire a boat across, taking routes where they will not be seen,” said Nakula, who is also a photographer.

Morning came. Using a small motorboat, Pak Morin and Simson took us across from the western bay to one of Sempu Island’s entry points on its northern shore. We came at an unfortunate time. The rain from the previous night had turned the main path, about 1.5 kilometers long from the entry point to our destination on the southwestern side of the island, into a series of mud holes amid sharp rocks and unruly webs of roots. We left our sandals somewhere along the path, planning to get them on our way out — not even rubber boots could escape one of those knee-high mud traps, we thought. True enough, we found over 10 pairs of shoes or sandals abandoned along the way.

Striding barefooted down the slippery trail, we discovered that taking the less trodden ground on the sides of the path was our best bet to avoid a sprained ankle. Sounds of insects, birds and monkeys set a sinister mood all around us. No jaguars or snakes were in sight. We did, however, come across debris such as water bottles and plastic bags, as well as spray-painted doodles on tree trunks — a disappointment as all visitors should have learned what a conservation area meant before they entered the island’s tropical jungle.

One and a half hour later, bruised and exhausted, with legs covered in mud and clothes drenched in sweat, we arrived at the breathtaking Segara Anakan, Javanese for “Little Sea.” Barricaded from the sea by a great circle of rocky yet verdant hills, the lagoon receives its water from a visible opening on the western barrier.

Running gleefully on the white sand and swimming in the crystal-clear water, we were soon joined by a group of six young men from a high school adventure group. Before we knew it, thick clouds began to hover overhead. A light drizzle began to fall, but it did not stop the young men from playing football. The three of us sat near them, soaking in the soothing ambience of this little slice of paradise.

“This is the best birthday I’ve ever had,” I said to my friends, trying not to think that we would have to take the same path from hell to get home.

Indonesia's Paradise Of Pearls

Over the years, West Nusa Tenggara has slowly built a reputation as a beach-lover’s paradise. Located to the east of better-known Bali, it is comprised of the main islands of Lombok and Sumbawa and occupies an area of 20,000 kilometers and an estimated population of four million people. The Gili islands, comprised of Trawangan, Air and Meno, are especially popular among backpackers for white, sandy beaches, crystal-clear waters and spectacular coral reefs.

But there’s another reason why the Ministry of Culture and Tourism would like more visitors to come to the islands — the province’s burgeoning pearl industry.


“West Nusa Tenggara produces the world’s best pearls,” said Jero Wacik, minister of culture and tourism, during the second annual Lombok Sumbawa Pearl Festival at the Santosa Resort and Villas at Senggigi Beach. The event, held 30 minutes away from the provincial capital of Mataram last Thursday to Saturday, was part of efforts by the ministry and the provincial government to strengthen the position of West Nusa Tenggara as a must-see destination.

“We should include Lombok and Sumbawa’s pearls in building up its reputation as tourist destination,” Jero said. West Nusa Tenggara is the biggest pearl-producing region in Indonesia, with output that surpasses Bali, Sulawesi, Papua and Maluku.

According to Zainul Madji, governor of West Nusa Tenggara, the pearl industry in Lombok and Sumbawa started in 1985. He said that there are now 36 pearl producers listed in the province occupying 6,000 hectares of land. Producing around 800 kilograms of pearls each year, the industry employs an estimated 1,360 workers.

“The pearl has become a very important element in our province,” he said.

Zainul said that pearls from the province come in three different colors — bronze, metal and emerald — which are unique to the area. He added that because of their beauty, the gems are known as the “Queen of Pearls.”

Among pearl traders, Indonesia’s pearls are famously known as South Sea pearls. And the country should not take this industry lightly.

“Pearls from Indonesia dominate around 53 percent of the world market,” said Fadel Muhammad, the maritime affairs and fisheries minister.

But despite this dominance, Fadel said that Indonesia is still unable to maximize profits because the pearl industry is heavily controlled by companies from Japan, Europe and the United States. “We can’t set the price level,” he said.

This situation is aggravated by the fact that 90 percent of pearl farming in the country is financed by foreign businesses, mostly from Japan and Australia.

Local producers are currently facing two main hurdles to becoming independent from foreign investment: funding and technology. “The banks should give more loans to our local pearl producers,” Fadel said. “Many of our producers also don’t have the most advanced machinery to produce the best quality of pearls.”

To help improve the industry, Fadel said the government should be more organized. He suggested establishing a “pearl bank” to control the quality and price of pearls coming from the country.

According to Fadel, the abundance of freshwater pearls is one reason why the price of Indonesia’s sea pearls has dropped significantly since 2006. “We have to do something about it,” he said.

Enggar Dwi Wicaksono, a pearl producer, agrees with Fadel. He said that there should be more quality control in the local pearl industry because shoddy products had affected prices. For instance, instead of being known for the more expensive and sought-after seawater pearls, the province has somehow become known for freshwater pearls.

According to Enggar, these pearls are sourced from freshwater oysters. A sea oyster can only produce one pearl while a freshwater oyster can produce about 100 to 1,000 pearls during each harvest.

There is a difference in quality between the two. “The glow that a freshwater pearl has can only last up to five years, while the beauty of a sea pearl can last forever,” he said.

Enggar said that the process of farming sea pearls takes up to three years. When the oysters are one and a half years old, farmers will inject the pearl nucleus into each oyster. The nucleus is the pearl seed that impregnates the oyster and produces the prized gem.

He said that without a quality nucleus it is impossible to create a quality pearl. The pearl nuclei are imported from the United States and Japan.

Ida, another pearl producer, said that pearls basically have five types of shapes: perfectly round, semi-round, water drop, oval and baroque (scrambled shape).

“The round shape is the most expensive one,” she said.

Ida said that a good quality sea pearl can sell for as much as Rp 2 million ($220) per gram, while a moderate-quality sea pearl usually costs from Rp 75,000 to Rp 100,000 per gram.

“The expensive pearls shine so much brighter than the cheap ones,” she said.

While Enggar said that his company sold freshwater and sea pearls, he decided not to bring the freshwater variety to the pearl festival.

“Our company has a commitment to promote the sea pearls, as that’s what West Nusa Tenggara should be known for,” he said. “More people should know about the beauty of pearls from Lombok and Sumbawa.”

Oky Marzuki Nyamat, 25, originally from Jakarta, moved to Mataram a year ago. “You don’t find quality pearls except in this area,” he said. “The government should be able to make pearls [from the province] an added attraction aside from the beautiful scenery.”

Jero, the tourism minister, is confident of West Nusa Tenggara’s tourism potential. “This event should provide the perfect momentum to attract more tourists to visit the province,” he said of the pearl festival.

According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, more than 600,000 local and international tourists visited West Nusa Tenggara in 2009. For 2012, the ministry hopes to welcome one million tourists to the province.

Jero is certain the pearl industry will bring in more tourists.

“In the future, people will come to enjoy the beaches and buy the pearls,” he said.

http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/lifeandtimes/indonesias-paradise-of-pearls/374232